Medtronic Starts U.S. Arm Of Global Study Comparing Safety Of Endeavor(R) And Cypher(R) Drug-Eluting Stents

Main Category: Cardiovascular / Cardiology
Also Included In: Blood / Hematology;  Stroke / Neuroprotection
Article Date: 01 Aug 2008 - 0:00 PDT

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Reflecting its ongoing commitment to patient safety and clinical research, Medtronic, Inc. (NYSE: MDT), announced the initiation of the first investigational sites in the United States to participate in PROTECT,1 the company's global study comparing the Endeavor® and Cypher® drug-eluting stents on key safety metrics, including stent thrombosis - a rare but serious adverse event in which a blood clot forms inside the stent, with the potential to cause heart attack or death.

Dr. Carlos Mego and his patient care team at Doctors Hospital at Renaissance in Edinburg, Texas, enrolled the first U.S. patient in PROTECT last week.

"PROTECT is the first large-scale, prospective, randomized controlled trial focused primarily on the safety of drug-eluting stents, which remains an important concern among patients and physicians alike," said Dr. William O'Neill, an interventional cardiologist and professor of medicine at the University of Miami School of Medicine in Florida. "The concern over stent safety centers primarily on the persistent issue of stent thrombosis, particularly after one year post-implant. This trial - the largest of its kind and the only with a global scope - is designed and powered to provide a thorough, long-term assessment of these stents' safety among the diverse population of patients with coronary artery disease who constitute routine clinical practice."

Initiated in May 2007 with the first implants in Europe, PROTECT will enroll a total of 8,800 patients, equally randomized to the Endeavor zotarolimus-eluting coronary stent from Medtronic or Johnson & Johnson's Cypher sirolimus-eluting coronary stent, at more than 200 medical centers globally. Enrollment through July stands at nearly 5,500 patients, more than 60 percent of the total.

Collectively, data from PROTECT augments the comprehensive ENDEAVOR clinical program, which involves more than 21,000 patients; more than 15,000 of these patients will have received an Endeavor stent.

PROTECT sites in the United States will serve to provide the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) with U.S.-specific data on the post-market experience with the Endeavor stent, which received FDA approval Feb. 1. The U.S. sites will enroll a minimum of 1,000 patients who receive Endeavor stents through PROTECT or, if necessary, through a nonrandomized continued-access arm.

Dr. Laura Mauri, an interventional cardiologist at Brigham and Women's Hospital and the chief scientific officer of the Harvard Clinical Research Institute in Boston, explained the significance of PROTECT: "This trial, including at least 1,000 in the U.S. arm, will help further clarify the critical balance between safety and efficacy of drug-eluting stents in real-world practice."

Dr. Mauri has published widely on stent safety. Most recently, she was the senior author of an analysis that concluded that even "a small absolute increase in DES thrombosis compared with BMS after 1 year (>0.14%/year) would result in BMS being the preferred strategy for the overall PCI [percutaneous coronary intervention] population [and that] larger clinical trials with longer follow-up are needed to" evaluate safety.2

PROTECT is one such trial. With 8,800 patients, it is sufficiently powered to detect a clinically significant difference in rates of stent thrombosis between the Endeavor and Cypher stents. PROTECT's primary endpoint is overall stent thrombosis at three years; secondary endpoints include death and non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), as well as customary clinical efficacy endpoints, such as target lesion revascularization and target vessel revascularization. Enrollment is expected to be complete by December 2008, with three-year data on all study patients available in 2012.

Very late stent thrombosis (vLaST) - blood clotting inside the stent after one year post-implant - arose as a safety concern with the first generation of drug-eluting stents, including the Cypher stent and Boston Scientific's Taxus® paclitaxel-eluting coronary stent, in the fall of 2006, when the clinical trials that supported the regulatory approvals of these devices revealed a numerical increase in the rate of vLaST compared to their bare-metal stent controls. These first-generation drug-eluting stents have been associated with an annual rate of vLaST of approximately 0.3 percent through four years of follow-up.3

The clinical trials that supported the regulatory approvals of the Endeavor stent have shown no increase in the rate of vLaST compared with its bare-metal stent control. The annual rate of vLaST with the Endeavor stent in the ENDEAVOR clinical program through four years of follow-up is 0.02 percent, with no events after two years. This observation served as the rationale for PROTECT.

"The Endeavor stent has been so well-received worldwide, most recently in the United States, because it offers such an excellent combination of long-term safety, durable efficacy and renowned deliverability," said Sean Salmon, vice president and general manager of the CardioVascular business unit's Coronary and Peripheral division at Medtronic. "Given the consistency with which the Endeavor stent has performed in clinical studies and in clinical practice, we have every confidence that PROTECT will affirm the exceptional clinical results that physicians have come to expect from a second-generation DES. We're also confident that this trial will deliver the incremental evidence that physicians need to make the best treatment decisions on behalf of their patients with coronary artery disease."

About Medtronic

Medtronic, Inc., headquartered in Minneapolis, is the global leader in medical technology - alleviating pain, restoring health and extending life for millions of people around the world.

References

1 PROTECT stands for Patient Related OuTcomes with Endeavor versus Cypher stenting Trial.

2 Garg P, Cohen DJ, Gaziano T, Mauri L. Balancing the Risks of Restenosis and Stent Thrombosis in Bare-Metal Versus Drug-Eluting Stents. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;51:1844-53.

3 Mauri L, Hsieh W, Massaro JM, Ho KKL, D'Agostino R, Cutlip DE. Stent Thrombosis in Randomized Clinical Trials of Drug-Eluting Stents. N Engl J Med 2007;356:1020-9.

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