1957-58 Flu Pandemic Can Provide Clues To Planning For H1N1

Main Category: Swine Flu
Also Included In: Bird Flu / Avian Flu
Article Date: 06 Aug 2009 - 0:00 PDT

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As the U.S. prepares for a resurgence of H1N1 influenza this fall, much can be learned from looking at a previous pandemic that had similar patterns. In an article published today in Biosecurity and Bioterrorism, researchers at the Center for Biosecurity of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) examined historical documents, published material, and newspaper coverage related to the 1957-58 influenza pandemic to compare the progress and severity of that outbreak with the current one. The simple, practical actions taken in 1957 allowed the country to continue functioning with minimal disruption.

Lead author Dr. D. A. Henderson had major responsibility for establishing the CDC influenza surveillance program during the early stages of the 1957 flu; data and analysis of events presented are based on his direct experiences as well as copies of surveillance reports that were published in 1957-58.

"There is need for an understanding in national policy circles of the options for dealing with a pandemic, and time is short if states and local communities are going to be prepared," said Henderson.

During the 1957 pandemic, 25% of the U.S. population became ill, and excess mortality due to pneumonia and influenza occurred. It was a rapidly spreading disease, and it quickly became apparent to U.S. health officials that efforts to stop or slow its spread were futile.

Thus, no efforts were made to quarantine individuals or groups, and a deliberate decision was made not to cancel or postpone large meetings such as conferences, church gatherings, or athletic events. Health officials emphasized providing medical care to those who were sick and keeping community and health services functioning. School absenteeism was high, but schools were not closed unless the number of students or teachers fell low enough to warrant closure.

Special efforts were made to speed the production of vaccine, but the quantities that were produced were too late to substantially affect the impact of the epidemic. The spread of the disease was so rapid that within 3 months it had swept across the country and had largely disappeared.

Although it is impossible to predict the course that H1N1 will take, planning for it can be informed by the experiences of the recent past.

Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science, a quarterly peer-reviewed journal, is published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc..

The Center for Biosecurity is an independent, nonprofit organization of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) whose mission is to strengthen national security by reducing the risks posed by biological attacks, epidemics, and other destabilizing events, and to improve the nation's resilience in the face of such events..

Source: Center for Biosecurity of UPMC