News From Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

Main Category: Tropical Diseases
Also Included In: Genetics;  Cardiovascular / Cardiology;  Cancer / Oncology
Article Date: 14 Sep 2007 - 11:00 PST

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Articles selected from the Sept. 2007 issue of Molecular & Cellular Proteomics (Vol. 6, No. 9):

Finding better ways to treat schistosomiasis, a tropical disease caused by a parasitic worm

Researchers provide new details about the inner workings of a parasitic worm that causes a tropical disease called schistosomiasis, which leads to itchy skin, fever, chills, muscle aches, and liver disease that, in some cases, can be fatal. The new results may help design drugs or vaccines against the disease.

Schistosomiasis, a disease affecting up to 200 million people in Asia, Africa, and South America, is spread by parasitic worms called blood flukes that live in fresh water. The worms enter the human body through the skin and move to either the large intestine, small intestine, or the bladder. In the case of a species called Schistosoma mansoni, infection starts when larvae cross the skin and migrate to the large intestine, where they become adults and mate. The females then lay about 300 eggs a day in the blood vessels of the gut wall.

Stuart M. Haslam and colleagues compared the chemicals released by the larvae and eggs to understand how these chemicals help them to infect the human body. They found that although these chemicals are detected by the immune system, the parasite can still spread throughout the body.

In the case of the larvae, the scientists suggest that although the chemicals secreted prompt the human immune system to attack them, these chemicals act as a decoy so that the larvae themselves are not destroyed and can spread at will. The chemicals released by the eggs also attract molecules from the immune system but this time the chemicals fool the immune system into helping them escape from the body through feces and spread in the environment. These results provide new clues as to how the worms infect the human body and may help design drugs that target some of these chemicals in the future.

Article: "Glycomics Analysis of Schistosoma mansoni Egg and Cercarial Secretions," by Jihye Jang-Lee, Rachel S. Curwen, Peter D. Ashton, Berangere Tissot, William Mathieson, Maria Panico, Anne Dell, R. Alan Wilson, and Stuart M. Haslam

New technique detects protein changes with high sensitivity and selectivity

Scientists describe a new technique that can detect how proteins undergo changes inside a cell. The technique promises to improve our understanding of how proteins inside cells work and identify how some proteins are not modified properly in common diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases.

In 2006, Ola Soderberg and colleagues established a technique called in situ proximity ligation assay (in situ PLA) to reveal protein-protein interactions in cells. The technique recognizes a target protein by binding a "probe" consisting of a pair of proteins attached to DNA onto the target protein. Then the DNA is replicated, producing a molecule that can be visualized under a microscope as a fluorescent spot -- thus marking the presence of individual molecules in the target protein.

In the new study, Soderberg and colleagues developed a generalized version of the technique in which different probes can identify proteins that have undergone various changes in their structure. The researchers used this technique to detect a protein on the membrane of cells called platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta, which undergoes changes that will promote cell proliferation and movement. The technique is more sensitive and selective than other currently-used techniques, that is, it does not miss as many proteins as the other techniques do and the rate of mix-ups among the detected proteins is lower.

Article: "In Situ Detection of Phosphorylated Platelet-derived Growth Factor Receptor Beta Using a Generalized Proximity Ligation Method," by Malin Jarvius, Janna Paulsson, Irene Weibrecht, Karl-Johan Leuchowius, Ann-Catrin Andersson, Carolina Wahlby, Mats Gullberg, Johan Botling, Tobias Sjoblom, Boyka Markova, Arne Ostman, Ulf Landegren, and Ola Soderberg

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Article adapted by Medical News Today from original press release.
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The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology is a nonprofit scientific and educational organization with over 11,900 members in the United States and internationally. Most members teach and conduct research at colleges and universities. Others conduct research in various government laboratories, nonprofit research institutions and industry. The Society's student members attend undergraduate or graduate institutions.

Founded in 1906, the Society is based in Bethesda, Maryland, on the campus of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. The Society's purpose is to advance the science of biochemistry and molecular biology through publication of the Journal of Biological Chemistry, the Journal of Lipid Research, and Molecular and Cellular Proteomics, organization of scientific meetings, advocacy for funding of basic research and education, support of science education at all levels, and promoting the diversity of individuals entering the scientific work force.

For more information about ASBMB, see the Society's Web site at http://www.asbmb.org/.

Source: Pat Pages
American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology