New Test Makes Cheating With Drugs In Sports Easier To Detect - Research News From Journal Of Mass Spectrometry

Main Category: Sports Medicine / Fitness
Article Date: 19 Jun 2008 - 2:00 PDT

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A new mass spectrometry test can help sports anti-drug doping officials to detect whether an athlete has used drugs that boost naturally occurring steroid levels. The test is more sensitive compared to previous alternatives, more capable of revealing specific suspicious chemical in the body, faster to perform, and could be run on standard drug-screening laboratory equipment. The new test is announced in a special issue of the Journal of Mass Spectrometry that concentrates on detecting drugs in sports.

One of the roles of the masculinising hormone testosterone is to increase muscle size and strength. Taking extra testosterone, or taking a chemical that the body can use to create extra testosterone, could therefore enhance an athlete's performance. For this reason taking it is banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).

The exact level of testosterone varies considerably between different people, so simply measuring total testosterone in an athlete's urine can not show whether he or she has deliberately taken extra. There is, however, a second chemical in the body, epitestosterone, which is normally present in approximately equal proportions to testosterone. Comparing the ratio of testosterone to epitestosterone can then indicate whether testosterone or a precursor has been taken.

The problem is that it is not always easy to measure these two substances, particularly as they are only present in urine at very low concentrations.

A team of scientists the Sports Medicine Research and Testing Laboratory at the University of Utah have developed a test that makes use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. This method has incredibly high sensitivity (down to 1 ng/ml) and increases the power with which officials can search for both testosterone and epitestosterone within a sample.

"Our system means that we can determine the testosterone/epitestosterone ratio in a sample with greater confidence, and therefore be in a better position to spot doping violations without falsely accusing innocent athletes," says lead investigator Dr Jonathan Danaceau.

"Not only is the test more sensitive, it is also faster to perform," says colleague Scott Morrison.

"Having this sort of test available makes cheating harder and lets us take one more step towards enabling free and fair competition," says Laboratory Director Dr Matthew Slawson.

This paper is part of a special issue for the Olympic Games from the Journal of Mass Spectrometry which focuses of drug use in sport. The issue is available free of charge online for one month at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/journal/jms. The other articles publishing in this issue are:

- History of Mass Spectrometry at Olympic Games (DOI: 10.1002/jms.1445)

- Nutritional supplements cross-contaminated and faked with doping substances (DOI: 10.1002/jms.1452)

- Hair analysis of anabolic steroids in connection with doping control results from horse samples (DOI: 10.1002/jms.1446)

- Mass spectrometric determination of Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) in human urine for doping control purposes by means of LC-ESI-MS/MS (DOI: 10.1002/jms.1438)

- Liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of glucuronide-conjugated anabolic steroid metabolites: method validation and inter-laboratory comparison (DOI: 10.1002/jms.1434)

- Mass Spectrometry of Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (DOI: 10.1002/jms.1438)

- Can glycans unveil the origin of glycoprotein hormones? - human chorionic gonadotropin as an example (DOI: 10.1002/jms.1448)

- A High-Throughput Multicomponent Screening Method for Diuretics, Masking Agents, Central Nervous System Stimulants and Opiates in Human Urine by UPLC-MS/MS (DOI: 10.1002/jms.1436)

- The application of carbon isotope ratio mass spectrometry to doping control (DOI: 10.1002/jms.1437)

- Identification of zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein binding to clone ae7a5 anti-human epo antibody by means of nano-hplc and high-resolution highmass accuracy esi-ms/ms (DOI: 10.1002/jms.1444)

- Low LC-MS/MS Detection of Glycopeptides Released from pmol Levels of Recombinant Erythropoietin using Nanoflow HPLC-Chip Electrospray Ionization (DOI: 10.1002/jms.1439)

- Introduction of HPLC/Orbitrap mass spectrometry as screening method for doping control (DOI: 10.1002/jms.1447)

"Quantitative Confirmation of Testosterone and Epitestosterone in Human Urine by LC/Q-ToF Mass Spectrometry for Doping Control"
Danaceau J.P., Morrison, M.S., and Slawson M.H.
Journal of Mass Spectrometry 2008: Volume 43, Issue 7; DOI: 10.1002/jms.1443

About the authors

Dr. Danaceau, Mr. Morrison and Dr. Slawson are based at The Sports Medicine Research and Testing Laboratory (SMRTL), located at the University of Utah, which is part of an elite group of laboratories worldwide accredited to test Olympic, Paralympic, and other amateur and professional athletes for performance-enhancing and other prohibited drugs. SMRTL received accreditation November 1, 2006 from the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), making it one of two laboratories in the United States qualified to perform this complex and exacting analytical science.

About the journal

The Journal of Mass Spectrometry publishes papers on a broad range of topics of interest to scientists working in both fundamental and applied areas involving the study of gaseous ions. The aim of JMS is to serve the scientific community with information provided and arranged to help senior investigators to better stay abreast of new discoveries and studies in their own field, to make them aware of events and developments in associated fields, and to provide students and newcomers the basic tools with which to learn fundamental and applied aspects of mass spectrometry. Journal of Mass Spectrometry can be accessed online at: http://www.interscience.wiley.com/journal/jms

Wiley-Blackwell was formed in February 2007 as a result of the acquisition of Blackwell Publishing Ltd. by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., and its merger with Wiley's Scientific, Technical, and Medical business. Together, the companies have created a global publishing business with deep strength in every major academic and professional field. Wiley-Blackwell publishes approximately 1,400 scholarly peer-reviewed journals and an extensive collection of books with global appeal. For more information on Wiley-Blackwell, please visit http://www.blackwellpublishing.com or http://interscience.wiley.com.

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