Healthy Lifestyle And Eating During Pregnancy Help Prevent Weight Gain, Other Complications In Obese Women

Main Category: Pregnancy / Obstetrics
Also Included In: Obesity / Weight Loss / Fitness
Article Date: 13 Feb 2013 - 1:00 PST


In a study to be presented on February 15 between 1:15 p.m., and 3:30 p.m. PST, at the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine's annual meeting, The Pregnancy Meeting ™, in San Francisco, researchers will report findings that suggest that consistent physical activity and healthier lifestyle changes beginning in a woman's first trimester can prevent excessive weight gain in obese pregnant women (with a Body Mass Index greater than 30), helping to avoid preterm delivery, hypertension and gestational diabetes.

This randomized study, entitled Occurrence of pregnancy complications in women with BMI >25 submitted to a healthy lifestyle and eating habits program, should help physicians understand why it is important to offer more specific advice to obese women who are pregnant regarding the amount of weight they should gain during their pregnancy.

"Weight gain should be monitored related closely to the starting weight. If you start with normal BMI [defined by weight before pregnancy divided by height measured in squared meters] could increase 11-16 kilograms. But if you are obese, the expectation is that you should only gain 5-9 kilos - more or less just the weight of the pregnancy" said Dr. Fabio Facchinetti, referencing the Institute of Medicine (IOM) in the United States.

Researchers from the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia's mother-infant department teamed up with their colleagues in the clinical diagnostic medicine and public health department to create a Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) Program. The 33 women in the treatment group followed a regimen of 1500 kcal/day diet coupled with mild physical activity (30 minutes/day, 3 times/week). Twenty-eight women in the control group just received general advice from their OB/GYN. They only worked with single pregnancies and treatment began at 12 weeks.

Their research shows that of the obese subgroup of women [those in TLC group with BMI>30] who stuck with a proper diet and exercise, 77.8 percent were able to stay within the allotted weight gain limit, as opposed to only 30 percent from the control group. Additionally, the rate of, hypertension, preterm delivery and gestational diabetes was significantly lower in the TLC group.

"The diagnosis of gestational diabetes is done [by having the women drink] 75 grams of glucose and looking at the levels after one and two hours," said Facchinetti. "In our study, we found [after monitoring the glucose levels] that 57 percent of obese women in the non-treatment group had diabetes whereas in the treatment group, it was only 21 percent. This is important because [the glucose test] was done at 16-18 weeks and, even if negative, repeated at 24 weeks. In other words, if the first evaluation occurred just 12 weeks after the treatment began, the small amount of time was enough to correct the body's level of glucose."

Abstract 55: Occurrence of pregnancy complications in women with BMI >25 submitted to a healthy lifestyle and eating habits program

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated if changing eating habits and introducing a correct lifestyle in women with BMI>25 would improve unfavorable maternal-fetal outcomes associated with excessive weight gain in pregnancy.

STUDY DESIGN: In a prospective design, women with BMI>25 at 1st trimester were randomized to no intervention (28 cases) or a Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) Program including diet (1500 kcal/day) and mild physical activity (30 minutes/day, 3 times/week) (33).

At baseline and at 3rd trimester women filled-in a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Patients with chronic disorders were excluded. Prenatal care was similar in both groups. Outcomes included diagnoses of GDM (75 g OGTT at 24-28 weeks) or gestational hypertension, weight gain, and Preterm Delivery. Data were stratified by BMI.

RESULTS: Socio-demographic features were similar between groups. At delivery, women of TLC group (78.9%) remained in IOM recommended weight gain ranges significantly more than controls (44%, p=0.02). The occurrence of GDM, gestational hypertension and Preterm Delivery was significantly lower in TLC group (Table). Large for gestational age babies were similar among groups. Significant changes in eating behavior occurred in TLC group which increased the habit of breakfast and the frequency of snacks. Moreover, intervention increased the rate of women avoiding sugar (from 3.9% to 43.8%) as well as the rate of those that include vegetables in every meal (from 3.9% to 37.5%).

CONCLUSION: Constant physical activity and a change toward healthy eating improves nutrients intake, prevents excessive weight gain and avoids the maternal unfavorable outcomes associated with overweight/obese women.

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