The SARS-CoV-2 virus is contagious and causes COVID-19. Some of the symptoms of hay fever and COVID-19 can overlap, but there are also differences between the conditions.
Hay fever, or allergic rhinitis, is an overreaction of the immune system to particles in the air, such as pollen, animal dander, or dust mites. Hay fever is not contagious.
This article looks at how to tell the difference between hay fever and COVID-19, the treatment options for both, and when to see a doctor.
Coronavirus resources
For more advice on COVID-19 prevention and treatment, visit our coronavirus hub.
A dry cough and fever are common symptoms of COVID-19. COVID-19 can also cause shortness of breath. Hay fever does not usually cause a cough or shortness of breath unless it triggers asthma.
According to the
The CDC list the following symptoms as being more common in COVID-19:
- fever and chills
- body aches
- new loss of smell or taste
- nausea
- vomiting
- diarrhea
The following table, based on information from the
| Symptom | Hay fever | COVID-19 |
|---|---|---|
| Fever | Rare, mild | Typical |
| Tiredness | Occasional | Occasional |
| Cough | Occasional, if allergic asthma | Typical, dry cough |
| Sneezing | Typical | None |
| Joint pain | None | Occasional |
| Runny nose | Typical | Rare |
| Sore throat | Rare, burning or itching sensation | Occasional |
| Diarrhea | None | Rare |
| Headache | Rare | Occasional |
| Shortness of breath | Occasional, if allergic asthma | Occasional |
| Itchy eyes | Frequent | None |
According to the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America, COVID-19 symptoms can last 7–25 days and range from mild to severe. They may appear within
Seasonal allergy symptoms can last for several weeks and come on suddenly.
Triggers of hay fever include:
- pollen, such as from plants, trees, and grass
- mold
- pet hair and dander
- dust mites
- chemical irritants, such as cigarette smoke, perfume, or exhaust fumes
People may develop COVID-19 symptoms if they come into contact with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Experts think that the SARS-Cov-2 virus primarily spreads through close contact between people who are within roughly
They believe that it can spread through droplets in the air when a person with the virus coughs, sneezes, or talks. The virus may also spread if people touch a surface contaminated with the virus and then touch their face.
It
People may be able to manage hay fever by reducing their exposure to triggers. They can do this by:
- staying inside during periods of high pollen and keeping the windows closed
- wearing sunglasses or glasses outdoors to protect the eyes from pollen
- using dust mite-resistant bedding
- using a dehumidifier to reduce mold
- washing the hands after handling or petting an animal
- avoiding hanging clothes out to dry, as they can gather pollen
- refraining from rubbing the eyes
- using a damp cloth or mop to clean floors
If people are still experiencing symptoms or are unable to avoid all triggers, the following medications may relieve symptoms:
- Intranasal corticosteroids: People can spray this medication into the nostrils, taking care to avoid the middle section of the nose. These medications are the most effective in treating hay fever and can reduce congestion, sneezing, and an itchy, runny nose. Side effects can include irritation and nosebleeds.
- Antihistamines: Antihistamines work against histamine, the chemical that the body releases during an allergic reaction, which is responsible for hay fever symptoms. People can take antihistamines orally or in the form of eye drops and nasal sprays.
- Decongestants: Decongestants work to reduce stuffiness and congestion but do not relieve any other hay fever symptoms.
People can check with their doctor which medications are safe for them to use and discuss the possible side effects, particularly if they have any preexisting conditions or are pregnant.
Face coverings that people may wear outdoors to help prevent the spread of COVID-19
It is important to wash a face covering after wearing it to avoid inhaling any irritating particles that may be on the material.
People may be able to treat mild symptoms of COVID-19 at home. The
- staying at home, except to seek medical care
- avoiding public places and transport
- getting plenty of rest
- staying well-hydrated
- taking acetaminophen to relieve symptoms
- wearing a mask or other face covering if leaving home for essentials
- staying away from others in the home as much as possible and wearing a face covering around other people and animals
- using a separate bathroom to others in the home, if possible
People can also keep track of their symptoms and contact their doctor if they worsen.
If people have hay fever that does not respond to over-the-counter medication, they can see their doctor for further treatment options.
People can call their doctor if they have symptoms of COVID-19. If people have the following symptoms, they should seek medical attention immediately:
- difficulty breathing
- persistent chest pain or pressure
- new state of confusion or not waking
- bluish color to the lips, face, or fingernails
If people are unsure whether they have hay fever or COVID-19, they can contact their doctor to see whether they will need to test for COVID-19.
The main symptoms of hay fever are a runny nose, sneezing, and watery, itchy eyes. The main symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, and a dry cough.
If people have hay fever that triggers asthma, they may also experience a cough and shortness of breath.
People may be able to treat mild cases of hay fever or COVID-19 at home. Anyone who thinks that they may have symptoms of COVID-19 should contact a doctor.
If people have any severe symptoms, such as difficulty breathing, they should seek medical attention immediately.
For live updates on the latest developments regarding the novel coronavirus and COVID-19, click here.