Research suggests there is a link between psoriatic arthritis and forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory condition that can lead to swelling, stiffness, and joint pain. Most people with PsA also have psoriasis, which typically causes red and white or dark and gray scaly patches to appear on the skin and scalp.
Experts have linked psoriatic arthritis to other inflammatory conditions, such as IBD. Keep reading to learn more about the link between psoriatic arthritis and digestive issues and how to treat both conditions.
A healthy immune system attacks harmful viruses, fungi, and bacteria. Both psoriatic arthritis and IBD involve an atypical immune system response, which causes it to attack healthy tissue. Chronic inflammation damages the joints in PsA and the digestive tract in IBD.
Research suggests there is a link between PsA and common forms of IBD, including CD and UC. A
However, a 2018 review linked PsA to CD but not UC.
Another
Studies point to genetic similarities and shared inflammation pathways in PsA and IBD, especially CD. Some research also suggests that people with these conditions have lower levels of beneficial bacteria in their bodies.
Due to the overlap between IBD and PsA, researchers have concluded that those with these conditions can benefit from similar treatments.
People with psoriatic arthritis sometimes develop digestive issues relating to IBD, which includes CD and UC.
The digestive tract runs from the mouth to the anus, and CD can affect any part of it. UC affects the lining of the large intestine, known as the colon. Its hallmark is the development of small sores or ulcers in the bowel.
The most common IBD symptoms include:
- diarrhea
- bloody stools
- pain or cramps in the abdomen
- appetite loss
- unintended weight loss
- fatigue or lack of energy
It is possible to experience any combination of these symptoms, which may be mild or severe. Anyone experiencing IBD symptoms needs to consult a doctor. IBD can lead to serious complications that require medical attention, including:
- inflammation in adjacent parts of the intestines, leading to the formation of a fistula
- tears in the anus, known as fissures
- narrowing of the intestines, called a stricture, due to inflammation
- severe dehydration
- severe bleeding or other issues in the colon that require surgery
The goal of treating people with psoriatic arthritis and IBD is to reduce the severity of the symptoms and the frequency of disease flare-ups to improve quality of life. Several drugs can treat both IBD and PsA. These include:
- Biologics: Some
research suggests that the biologic drugs infliximab and adalimumab are effective treatments for both IBD and PsA. Biologics are targeted medications that lower inflammation in the body. However, not everyone responds to them. - Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors: Research indicates that JAK inhibitors, such as the oral nonbiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug tofacitinib, are an effective alternative to treat both IBD and PsA.
- Immunomodulators: Doctors sometimes use cyclosporine and tacrolimus
to treat IBD and PsA. These medications suppress the immune system to reduce inflammation. - Corticosteroids: The short-term use of drugs such as prednisone
can treat IBD and PsA flare-ups. These drugs reduce inflammation by suppressing the immune system.
Sometimes, if other treatments do not improve IBD symptoms, surgery may be necessary.
Ibuprofen and naproxen are over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that people often take to reduce inflammation in PsA. However, doctors may recommend that people with IBD avoid these medications, as they
Some of the symptoms of IBD are treatable with acetaminophen, antidiarrheal medications, and anti-gas medications. However, a person needs to talk with a doctor before taking any medication or supplement.
Additionally, a person’s diet can affect their IBD symptoms. Doctors may recommend dietary changes, such as avoiding greasy or spicy foods and carbonated or caffeinated beverages.
Stress can aggravate both IBD and PsA. If this is the case, exercise and counseling may help relieve symptoms by reducing stress.
Below are some commonly asked questions about PsA and gastric issues.
What are the gastrointestinal symptoms of psoriasis?
Psoriasis has
- diarrhea
- bloody stools
- pain or cramps in the abdomen
- appetite loss
- unintended weight loss
- fatigue or lack of energy
How do you fix gut health for psoriasis?
The Mediterranean diet or a gluten-free and low FODMAP diet — which stands for fermentable, oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols —
What does a psoriasis flare-up feel like?
People with psoriasis may experience worsening symptoms after a triggering event such as stress or illness, known as a flare-up.
Generally speaking, a psoriasis flare-up can feel itchy or sore. Additionally, the lesions on a person’s skin may crack or bleed.
Many people with psoriatic arthritis also have inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Both of these chronic diseases involve inflammation. The symptoms of IBD may include diarrhea, bloody stool, and pain in the abdomen.
People with psoriatic arthritis need to discuss any digestive issues they have with their doctor. Several medications can treat both psoriatic arthritis and IBD.