Multiple myeloma, a type of blood cancer, is more prevalent in older adults. Doctors can treat it with chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplants.
While there is no cure for multiple myeloma, several treatment options are available.
However, doctors sometimes find multiple myeloma challenging to treat in older adults. Older individuals often have other health conditions and may not tolerate aggressive treatment regimens.
Therefore, personalized treatment plans based on a person’s disease and health status are crucial for ensuring the best possible outcomes.
Read on to learn more about treating multiple myeloma in older adults.

Although a multiple myeloma diagnosis may feel overwhelming, various treatments are available to limit symptoms and improve quality of life. The best option for an individual depends on their disease and overall state of health.
Doctors may recommend one or more of the following treatments:
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy drugs destroy cancer cells or control their growth. However, they can also affect healthy cells and cause significant side effects such as fatigue, weight loss, and hair loss.
In the past, chemo was a
To minimize the risk of complications, doctors may adjust the dosage of chemotherapy drugs or use different drugs that are less toxic. They can also prescribe medications to help manage side effects such as nausea and fatigue.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy is a treatment that uses the body’s immune system to fight cancer. It either boosts the immune system’s ability to recognize and attack cancer cells or targets specific proteins in cancer cells.
Immunotherapy drugs have
Targeted therapy
Targeted drug treatments focus on specific proteins or genes in cancer cells. Because these treatments have specific targets, they do not significantly affect healthy cells, so people typically experience fewer side effects.
Examples of targeted drug agents include bortezomib (Velcade), carfilzomib (Kyprolis), and ixazomib (Ninlaro).
Stem cell transplantation
Stem cell transplantation is a procedure that involves replacing diseased or damaged bone marrow with healthy stem cells.
Autologous stem cell transplantation is a common treatment for multiple myeloma. It usually involves collecting a person’s stem cells and then giving the person high dose chemotherapy to wipe out the cancer cells in the body. This causes a very low blood count.
Healthcare professionals then infuse the collected stem cells back into the person’s body to grow back as noncancerous blood cells.
Individuals ages 65 and older have a higher risk of post-transplantation complications and prolonged hospitalizations. Therefore, doctors must carefully assess each individual when recommending treatment.
Corticosteroids
These medications regulate the immune system and control inflammation in the body.
They are also active against cancerous cells. Doctors may
Older adults with multiple myeloma often have
Physical weakness is also a concern for elderly individuals. This can affect a person’s ability to cope with the treatment regimens.
Additionally, older individuals may have reduced organ function, which can affect the metabolism and elimination of drugs. This can result in altered drug concentrations and increased toxicity.
Furthermore, bone health is a consideration. Multiple myeloma can weaken the bones, and some treatments can
The
However, the outlook is highly variable, and many factors can affect outcomes.
Rather than age, the
The Revised International Staging System is a method doctors use to stage multiple myeloma. It considers these factors:
- the blood level of the protein beta-2 microglobulin
- the blood level of the protein albumin
- changes in the genetic material in cancer cells
In stage 1, the 5-year overall survival rate is
Furthermore, older adults often have additional health conditions, which can complicate treatment and contribute to a less favorable outlook.
Multiple myeloma can significantly affect a person’s physical, emotional, and social well-being.
In addition, coping with the diagnosis and treatment can be challenging, so individuals need access to support and resources.
The International Myeloma Foundation provides information and support groups for people with multiple myeloma.
These groups offer a safe and supportive environment where people can share their experiences, ask questions, and receive emotional support from others who are going through similar experiences.
If a person experiences any symptoms of multiple myeloma, they should contact a healthcare professional promptly. Early detection and treatment can improve outcomes and quality of life.
Symptoms to look out for
- fatigue
- weakness
- anemia
- shortness of breath
- frequent infections
- bone pain
- weight loss
If a person living with multiple myeloma experiences new or worsening symptoms, they should consult their healthcare team.
The treatment of multiple myeloma in older adults requires a personalized approach. Doctors must consider the individual’s age, existing medical conditions, and overall health when deciding on the best treatment approach.
A treatment regimen may include chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, corticosteroids, or stem cell transplantation.
However, various age-related factors may limit a person’s treatment options.