Acne mechanica most commonly occurs when athletic clothing or equipment causes acne breakouts, often in people with existing acne. It is a widespread skin condition that is generally easier to treat than acne.
People with underlying acne might find that spots develop in response to triggers. In people with acne mechanica, this includes repeated contact with sporting equipment and sportswear.
However, specific measures can reduce the risk, and acne medication can be effective.
Read on to learn about the symptoms and causes of acne mechanica. This article also examines how doctors diagnose the condition, treatment options, and more.
Acne mechanica may first appear as small, rough bumps that are easier to feel than see. They usually develop in the areas where sports equipment meets the skin, such as:
- on the chin or jaw from the strap of a helmet
- on the neck after repeated contact with a shot put
- around the eyes due to repeated goggle use
However, if a person does not take protective measures and continues to apply pressure to the area, these bumps may become pimples, progressing to deeper and more painful acne cysts.
Any material that rubs against heated, sweaty skin for extended periods can cause acne mechanica breakouts.
According to a
Below is a table detailing some of the ways in which sports equipment can contribute to these symptoms:
| Sport | Equipment linked to acne mechanica |
|---|---|
| cycling | helmet or chin strap |
| dance and gymnastics | clothes made from synthetic materials such as Lycra |
| equestrian sports | helmet |
| football, hockey, and lacrosse | protective gear, including the helmet and shoulder pads |
| golf | strap of the golf bag |
| hiking | backpack straps |
| motor racing | back of the seat |
| shot put | shot, which can irritate the neck |
| weightlifting | weightlifting belt and the materials on the benches |
| wrestling | face guard |
| swimming | goggles |
While acne mechanica is common in people who participate in sports, it can break out due to any activity that involves the repeated exposure of a particular area of skin to irritation.
For example, a
Acne mechanica may also result from using a face mask to prevent COVID-19 transmission, which some people have termed “maskne,” according to a
A
Sometimes, acne mechanica is a complication of underlying acne, such as acne vulgaris. The increased friction can cause tiny cuts that increase inflammation. However, not everyone with acne mechanica has acne or another underlying skin condition.
Some people with acne mechanica might need to consult a dermatologist, which is a doctor specializing in treating skin conditions. To diagnose any form of acne, a dermatologist
- family medical history of acne or skin conditions
- menstrual cycles
- current or recent medications
- sporting activities that may interact with the location of the pimples or cysts
The dermatologist will examine the skin to rule out other conditions similar to acne, and they may also request lab tests to check for underlying medical conditions that cause acne.
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Over-the-counter (OTC) treatments may help resolve acne mechanica, which clears more easily than hormonal or regular acne.
Acne medications containing salicylic acid can be effective for acne mechanica. These can help unclog pores, and no prescription is necessary for many salicylic acid products.
Other general treatments for acne might be effective and include the following:
- benzoyl peroxide, a substance that decreases the population of bacteria on the skin that cause acne and is most effective when a person uses it along with other acne treatments
- antibiotics to kill bacteria and reduce inflammation on the skin, which a dermatologist may prescribe if they suspect a bacterial infection
- retinoid cream, a form of vitamin A that is available OTC and with a prescription to treat some pimples
Learn more about home remedies for acne.
A person can take steps to reduce the likelihood of acne mechanica by:
- wearing sweat-wicking clothes
- placing clean padding between the skin and equipment
- replacing tight gym clothing with loose-fitting clothes
The individual’s doctor can also help them find more ways to prevent acne mechanica based on the cause.
If using OTC medications does not resolve acne mechanica after 6 to 8 weeks, a dermatologist may be able to prescribe stronger medications or treatments.
Speaking with a dermatologist can help if acne pimples or cysts are painful or interfere with daily function.
The dermatologist may recommend microdermabrasion. This procedure
Laser therapy may also help. It uses targeted heated rays to break down pimples and cysts.
Learn more about procedures for treating acne.
Is it possible to get acne mechanica from a pillow?
Pillows that contain harsh fabrics may cause acne mechanica, per a
Can acne mechanica develop on the back?
Acne mechanica can develop on the back. For example, this may occur in racecar drivers who experience friction due to repeatedly rubbing against the car seat.
Learn more about acne on the back.
Can acne mechanica develop on the shoulder?
Acne mechanica can develop on the shoulder. For example, this may happen due to wearing football shoulder pads.
Learn more about shoulder acne.
How can a person treat acne caused by sweat?
Reducing sweat exposure by wearing sweat-wicking materials and loose-fitting clothes may help reduce sweat-induced acne. OTC acne treatments, such as those containing retinoids or salicylic acid, may also help.
If these do not reduce acne, visit a dermatologist. They may be able to prescribe treatments that may help.
Learn more about acne and sweat.
Acne mechanica refers to bumps and pimples that develop due to repeated friction, heat, or moisture on the skin. Severe acne mechanica may progress to the stage of painful cysts.
Acne mechanica usually results from sports equipment. However, long periods of bed rest, wearing protective masks or eye goggles, and any repetitive activity affecting a single area of the body can cause it to develop.
People may experience symptoms as a flare-up of an underlying acne condition, but acne mechanica can also develop in those without preexisting acne.
OTC treatments containing salicylic acid may help resolve symptoms. Prescription medications may be necessary if acne mechanica does not respond to home treatments.
Individuals may be able to prevent acne mechanica by wearing loose-fitting clothing and keeping clean padding between the skin and any exercise or sports equipment.