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The body produces vitamin D when a person’s skin has exposure to direct sunlight. Although it is not naturally present in many foods, high quantities of vitamin D are present in oily fish and certain types of mushrooms.
According to the
It is present in egg yolks if the chickens laying them are free-range. Some mushrooms also contain vitamin D.
However, no other plant-based foods produce vitamin D. For people whose diets are mostly vegetarian or vegan, and for people who do not or cannot spend a lot of time outdoors, it can be difficult to get enough vitamin D.
If a person has concerns that they are not getting enough vitamin D from direct sunlight, consuming the following foods will help increase the overall amount they have in their bodies.
Oily fish, as well as oils from fish, have some of the highest quantities of vitamin D in food sources.
These may include:
- Cod liver oil: This contains
450 international units (IU) per teaspoon , which is 75 percent of a person’s recommended daily allowance (RDA). - Herring: This contains
306 IU per fillet, dry-cooked , which is 51 percent of a person’s RDA. - Swordfish: This contains
706 IU per piece, dry-cooked , which is 117 percent of a person’s RDA.
If a person does not like fish, or if they are vegetarian or vegan, specific mushrooms may be an option. Some types of mushroom contain high amounts of vitamin D.
These include:
- Raw maitake mushrooms: These contain
562 IU per 50 grams (g) , which is 94 percent of a person’s RDA. - Dried shiitake mushrooms: These contain
77 IU per 50 g , which is 12 percent of a person’s RDA.
Mushrooms with exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light can also contain large amounts of vitamin D. These may include:
- UV-exposed raw Portobello mushrooms: These contain
568 IU per 50 g , which is 95 percent of a person’s RDA. - UV-exposed raw white mushrooms: These contain
523 IU per 50 g , which is 87 percent of a person’s RDA.
Egg yolks can also be high in vitamin D,
Manufacturers add vitamin D to many commercially available foods. People describe these foods as being fortified with vitamin D, or other nutrients.
Common foods with extra vitamin D and other nutrients include:
- cow’s milk
- orange juice
- various breakfast cereals
According to the
There is some research to suggest that vitamin D may contribute to other health benefits, such as:
- resistance to some cancers
- cardiovascular diseases
- diabetes
- hypertension
- multiple sclerosis
However, according to the ODS, there is not yet enough evidence to know whether this is the case. Existing research has yielded mixed results.
The RDA of vitamin D for all people aged 1–70 is
The general assumption is that a person who spends some time outside a few times per week will produce sufficient vitamin D. However, according to the
- season
- time of day
- the presence of cloud cover or smog
- the color of a person’s skin
- whether a person is wearing sunscreen
Being in direct sunlight behind a window will not aid vitamin D production because glass cuts out the radiation that produces vitamin D.
Getting enough vitamin D is crucial to maintaining healthy bones. The easiest way of getting enough vitamin D is to regularly spend time outside, making sure that the arms, face, and legs have exposure.
Depending on a person’s dietary preferences, consuming enough vitamin D may be difficult. In this case, vitamin D supplements, which are available to purchase online, may be a beneficial choice.
However, if this is not possible, try to consume oily fish, some mushrooms, and free-range egg yolks.