
- Researchers have studied a dozen anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies isolated from people who had previously contracted the infection. They looked for antibodies that would not lose their effectiveness to new variants and that would work against a variety of respiratory viruses.
- They identified a potent antibody called S2E12. It was effective against a variety of respiratory viruses and may be a high barrier to viral escape.
- Another of the antibodies studied, called S2H97, prevented SARS-CoV-2 infections in Syrian hamsters when the animals received the antibodies prophylactically 2 days before exposure.
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Researchers have recently discovered antibodies that can neutralize a range of SARS-CoV-2 variants and other coronaviruses.
They hope that their work, which appears in the journal
Antibodies are the human body’s defense mechanism against unfamiliar substances such as bacteria and viruses in the blood. Once generated, antibodies bind to the foreign substances, which are called
Scientists can also make antibodies in a laboratory setting.
One of these, casirivimab plus imdevimab, has also received approval for use in the United Kingdom.
According to Dr. William Schaffner, people who test positive for SARS-CoV-2 and who are at risk of progressing to severe disease — including those who are over the age of 65 years and those who have weakened immune systems — should talk with a doctor about receiving monoclonal antibody treatment.
Dr. Schaffner — who is a professor of medicine in the Division of Infectious Diseases at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in Nashville, TN — was not involved in the Nature study.
“[The monoclonal antibody treatment is] designed to prevent the evolution of the infection from a mild infection into a serious one,” he told Medical News Today during an interview. “In other words, you’ve just [contracted the virus], but we can now give you a medication that will help prevent [you] being hospitalized and getting seriously ill.”
However, some monoclonal antibodies lose their effectiveness as viruses mutate. On August 27, 2021, the
The FDA ruled that it may only be used in states, territories, and jurisdictions where data show that the combined frequency of variants resistant to it is less than or equal to 5%.
For more advice on COVID-19 prevention and treatment, visit our coronavirus hub.
Now, a large team of researchers working collaboratively has recognized that:
- SARS-CoV-2 will likely continue to evolve, enabling the virus to escape the grasp of antibody treatment.
- Other human coronaviruses will continue to evolve.
- Viruses can occasionally move from one species to another.
For those reasons, they write in their study, they wanted to work toward developing antibodies and vaccines “that are robust to viral evolution.”
To do that, the researchers studied a dozen anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies isolated from individuals who had previously contracted SARS-CoV-2 or severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV). They looked for any that may be resistant to losing their effectiveness as viruses mutate and that work against a variety of respiratory viruses.
The researchers used
As they worked, the researchers looked for antibodies that latch onto a viral protein fragment called the
SARS-CoV-2 gains entry to cells using a receptor called angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The researchers explain that antibodies that target the ACE2 receptor-binding motif (RBM) typically have poor breadth across sarbecoviruses and are readily escaped by mutations.
However, the researchers did identify an RBM antibody called S2E12 that demonstrated breadth and that may be a high barrier to viral escape.
Another of the antibodies the researchers studied, called S2H97, bound well with all respiratory viruses and prevented SARS-CoV-2 infections in Syrian hamsters when the animals received it prophylactically 2 days before exposure to the virus.
Interviewed in an article in
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