- The prevalence of both obesity and type 2 diabetes is increasing rapidly.
- One common complication of these conditions is heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), a condition with a poor prognosis and life-limiting symptoms.
- There are currently no effective treatments to target obesity-related HFpEF in people with type 2 diabetes.
- New research suggests that semaglutide (Wegovy), which is commonly used for weight loss, may reduce symptoms of heart failure in people with both type 2 diabetes and obesity.
As the prevalence of obesity increases worldwide, the need for effective treatments for related health conditions is becoming more urgent.
In the United States, more than
The most common form of heart failure in people with obesity and type 2 diabetes is
Despite the prevalence of HFpEF, there are currently
Now, research suggests that
The study appears in The New England Journal of Medicine.
Richard Wright, MD, board-certified cardiologist at Providence Saint John’s Health Center in Santa Monica, CA, not involved in this research, commented on the trial results for Medical News Today. He told us that:
“This is an important trial which reinforces the concept that patients with the [symptoms] of heart failure syndrome can be further benefited by administration of a drug that was originally developed to reduce blood sugar and has now emerged as an important way to reduce cardiovascular and heart failure events, while simultaneously improving patient’s functional capacity and sense of well-being.”
It also promotes weight loss, and was
Studies have found that it may also lower cardiovascular risks for people with obesity. One previous trial found that one year of treatment with semaglutide significantly decreased the 10-year risk of
In March 2024, the
Following a recent study, in which researchers found that semaglutide reduced symptoms and physical limitations and improved exercise function in people with HFpEF and obesity, they decided to test the drug in people with HFpEF, obesity and type 2 diabetes.
The researchers conducting the current trial recruited 616 participants at 108 sites in 16 countries. All participants had HFpEF, a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or more, and type 2 diabetes. They randomly assigned them to once-weekly injections of semaglutide (2.4 milligrams) or placebo for 52 weeks.
All participants were on other medications, including diuretics, renin-angiotensin system blockers, and
The study had 2 primary endpoints — the change in the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire clinical summary score (KCCQ-CSS) and the percentage change in body weight from baseline to week 52.
In addition, the researchers set secondary endpoints of change in 6-minute walk distance, and change in log transformed
Those in the semaglutide group had a larger reduction in heart failure symptoms, with a mean improvement of 13.7 points on the KCCQ-CSS, compared with 6.4 points for the placebo group.
They also lost more weight than those on placebo, with a mean percentage weight loss of 9.8% in the treatment group and 3.4% in the placebo group, and their CRP levels reduced by 42% against 12.8% for the placebo group.
The weight loss in the treatment group was 40% less than participants in the previous trial on patients with heart failure and obesity without type 2 diabetes, but they still showed symptom improvement, as Wright explained to MNT:
“It was expected that semaglutide would lead to weight loss [in] these obese patients. However, despite the rather modest weight loss with the drug in this trial, these patients with preserved ejection fraction heart failure demonstrated clinically significant improvements in quality of life, measures of functional capacity, reductions in important biomarkers including NT proBNP and CRP, and numerically less likelihood of heart failure decompensation.”
In the published paper, the researchers hypothesize that the weight-loss-independent benefits of semaglutide in HFpEF “may include direct effects on decongestion; vascular, skeletal muscle, and mitochondrial function; epicardial adipose tissue; inflammation; and insulin resistance, factors that (unlike weight loss) may be more pronounced in patients with type 2 diabetes than in those without type 2 diabetes.”
However, Dr. Wright commented that “[t]he precise mechanism of these improvements remains speculative but does not appear to be purely related to weight loss.”
“Indeed,” he added, “much of the benefit in these patients with heart failure seemed to be manifest prior to any substantial weight loss, strongly suggesting that the GLP-1 receptor agonist led to improvements in the metabolic syndrome and the ‘heart failure syndrome,’ independent and perhaps additive to those expected from weight loss.”
Mir Ali, MD, bariatric surgeon and medical director of MemorialCare Surgical Weight Loss Center at Orange Coast Medical Center in Fountain Valley, CA, not involved in this research, welcomed its findings.
“Based on this study, using semaglutide can benefit obese diabetics with heart failure,” he told us.
However, he added that, in his opinion, “a study comparing semaglutide with other meds to treat diabetes and heart failure would be helpful.”
Wright noted that “[i]t now seems likely that cornerstone therapy for type 2 diabetic patients with obesity should be coadministration of an SGLT2 inhibitor and a GLP-1 receptor agonist, instead of the historic and perhaps now somewhat obsolete treatment with metformin and insulin.”
Whether their optimism is justified remains to be seen, but this study suggests that semaglutide could be an effective treatment for heart failure associated with diabetes.